“Company”与“Corporation” |
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时间:2007-05-05
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“Company”与“Corporation”
此两词均可作“公司”解。通说认为“company”乃英国英语,而美国英语则以“corporation“公司”。如1979年香港Michael Steveson Ltd.出版、早年曾任复旦大学教授的洪士豪法学博士编、前东吴法学院第一任华人院长法理学博士吴经熊为之序的、似乎是相当可靠的A New English—Chinese Law Dictionary中就有这样一条: “Company公司指依公司法所规定之程序所组织之以营利为目的之社团。 美国称corporation”。 此说自不得谓毫无根据。但根据此说,又如何理解引自美国人写、在美国出版、讲美国法律的专著的下列句子呢?—— [Your federal trademark application must be made to the Commissioner of Patents in Washington, D.C.] It should include your name, home address,citizenship and the location of your company(or those of a corporation if you have formed one to sell your product). ——You and the Law,the Reader’s Digest Association,Inc.1980,p.193 上列句中圆括弧内的“corporation’’与圆括弧外的“company”显然是不同的概念、具有不同的含义(而决非都指“公司”这一概念)。试想一位因任务紧迫而信笔译来的译者已逐词把“company"译做“公司”于先,则随后读到圆括弧里的“corporation’’又如何译法才好呢? 其实,句子的“company”并非“公司”,“商行”是也。有书为证: Company,a flexible term.(1)A corporation。(2)An unincorporated association organized for commercial purposes ——Cochran’s Law Lexicon,1977,Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:72—95860 最后,必须指出:即使是美国英语,“corporation"也未 “公司”而已。此词还可以有一个较“公司”更广的内涵——“法人”。请看: #p#分页标题#e# Corporation,an artificial person[法人]composed of individuals.It usually has a corporate name and perpetual duration.Sometimes its duration is a fixed term of years. It substitutes for the individuals who compose it.See also Municipal Corporation --Ibid 附带提一句:在上列有关词义而论,不妨说“company”与“corporation’是一对反义词——你说是吗?是的,你会说,因为"company"是unincorporated的,而“corporation”则是incorporated的。 |
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