——民事 civil
——民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law
——民事上的占有 civil possesion
——民事上的没收 civil forfeiture
——民事上诉 civil appeal
——民事主体 civil subject
——民事法律关系 civil legal relationship
——民事活动 activity relating to civil law
——民事纠纷 civil dispute
——民事客体 civil object
——民事原告 civil plaintiff
——民事被告 civil defendant
——民事指控 civil charge
——民事案件 civil case
——民事过失 civil negligence
——民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability
——民事补偿 civil remedy
——民事诉讼 civil action
——民事损害 civil injury
——民事债务 civil debt
——民事管辖 civil jurisdiction
——民事制裁 civil sanction
——民事审判 civil trial
——民事调解 civil mediation
——民事罚款 civil penalty
——民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights
——民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights
——民事权利请求 civil claim
——民事权利变更 alternation of private right
——民政 civil administraion
　 　
　
——民事权利与责任 civil right and liability
——民事权利 civil right
——人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person
——人格权 right of personality
——上诉权 right of appeal
——不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right
——立遗嘱权 right to make a will
——合法权利 legal right
——共有权 communal tenure
——求偿权 recoupment; recourse
——居住权 right of habitation
——使用权 right of use
——委任权 power of pocuration
——财产权 proprietatis; property right
——财产让与权 benefit of cession
——起诉权 right of action
——采光权 right of ancient lights
——专用权 sole right of use
——专有权 exclusive power
——专利申请权 clailm of patent application
——控告权 right of complaint
——答辩权 right of reply
——解释权 right to interpret
——经济权利 economic right
——债的请求权 debt claim
——监护权 guardianship
——选择权 right of choice
——转卖权 right of resale
　 　
　
——（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定 compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice
——事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right
——法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right
——根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience
——出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.)
——依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office
——事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)
——主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion
——不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion
——强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule or principle in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo——any exceptions
——万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law
——法无明文不处罚 nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law
——法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law
——条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)
——自身，本身；本质上 per se
——不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata
——初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things
——情势变迁原则 rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances
——无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person
——未确定时日的 sine die: without a date
——越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)
——占领地保有原则 uti possidetis
　 　
v Lesson Six 　
——民事责任 civil liability （信托法律网/www.trustlaws.net编辑）
——不履行法律责任 omission
——共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility
——完全责任 full liability
——侵权责任 liability for tort
——连带责任 joint liability
——财产责任 property liability
——过失责任 fault liability
——替代责任 vicarious liability
——无限责任 unlimited liability
——单独责任 solitary liability
——道德责任 moral obligation
——监护责任 liability of guardian
——严格责任赔偿 strict liability

——债转股 debt-to-equity swap
——港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
——坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
——反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...
——通货紧缩 deflation
——通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/www.trustlaws.net编辑）
——非配额产品 quota-free products
——非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects
——风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment
——风险基金 venture capital
——风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
——搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
——规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale
——国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives
——国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment
——国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment
——国家补贴 public subsidies
——国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves
——合理引导消费 guide rational consumption
——季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments
——既成事实 established/accomplished facts
——技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development
——劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises
——乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
——千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug
——企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises
——企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses
——实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to
——平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/www.trustlaws.net编辑）
样、共同发展的方针
　 pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development
——瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions
　 　
　
——市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access
——亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council
——亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum
——亚太通讯与数据系统 ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System
——亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises
——亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank
——亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting
——东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area
——亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting
——澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement
——亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network
——亚太经济合作组织 APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
——亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
——亚太信息基础设施 APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure
——亚太实验室认可合作 APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
——亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum
——亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program
——东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations
——亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting
——农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation